Quality and Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Quality and Reliability - Essay Example It is through articulation that representatives offer articulation to their promise to work, level of inspiration and their mentalities. In this manner, the two authorities while communicating responsibility to work have a few contrasts in recognition. The main need for plant chief ought to be to limit surrenders at the floor level itself. Identifying abandons at the hour of pressing/machining level builds the creation costs as well as antagonistically influences the net yield. Contrast of assessment is likewise an aftereffect of similarity. General foreman is with the organization for a long time now while boss examiner has joined only a year back. Preparing of departmental assessors can be a decent alternative to put resources into future, since preparing and advancement exercises are the principle instruments through which person's objectives and yearnings can be incorporated with authoritative objectives and necessities. Preparing not just aides in creating information and specialized aptitudes yet in addition acquire change in perspectives also. It should be emphsised to the monitors that preparation is fundamentally an undertaking focused action planned for improving execution. There is likewise an issue of power and coordination between flat separation between hierarchical units. This should be settled agreeably. This is plant chief's undertaking to allot obligations and duties in the chain, which must give off an impression of being consistent and adjusted. Let both general foreman and boss monitor ought to on a level plane report to the plant supervisor, since along these lines I get criticism from two distinct checkpoints. Every one of the three offices will have the current course of action for the present, in light of the fact that regardless crusade for better quality has just begun. Ans. 2: Dr. W. Edwards Deming: We have figured out how to live in a universe of mix-ups and blemished items as though they were important to life. The time has come to receive another way of thinking in America.2 The chiefs of previously mentioned contextual investigation must submit a general direction to this announcement of Dr. Deming. Known as the dad of Japanese post-war mechanical restoration, Dr. Deming was conceived in 1900 in United States. He remained to a great extent obscure in his local USA until he was 'found' by the media in 1981. The Deming cycle or the PDCA cycle3 is a constant quality improvement cycle comprising of a sensible arrangement of four redundant strides for nonstop improvement and learning; Plan, Do, Check and Act. This cycle was an improvement over the Shewart cycle. Dr. W. Edwards Deming* was an analyst and an understudy of Dr. Shewhart. His initial profession was spent showing the use of factual ideas and instruments inside industry4. He was welcome to Japan t oward the finish of World War II by

What You Should Look For in Calligraphy Writing Paper

What You Should Look For in Calligraphy Writing PaperWhen you're contemplating on buying a new type of calligraphy writing paper, you will find several different options. The qualities you should look for can range from the highest quality to the lowest quality paper.Calligraphy is one of the oldest artistic creations. It has been used since ages and continues to be popular to this day. People find its artistic beauty in writing beautiful characters using a pen and paper. Once thought to be a hobby but with the fast growing popularity of the art of calligraphy, many artists are now pursuing it as a full time career.Calligraphy writing paper has become increasingly popular over the years and has been widely accepted as a form of art. In the past, this paper was only used to provide support to the pen when writing. In today's technology, the paper supports the pen while allowing the writing to take place on the surface of the paper. Also, this material helps make a good impression on t he other people who may be seeing your work space. In other words, your work may inspire other people to use calligraphy writing paper as well.You'll find a variety of paper that may be suitable for calligraphy. Each material has its own characteristics that may offer or hinders calligraphy. For example, vellum is paper made from vellas which means it's naturally water resistant and tear proof. Of course, the water proof characteristic means it cannot be cleaned up easily, and it won't be recommended for those who work in their homes, especially if they have kids or pets.Calligraphy is a time consuming task, so some calligraphy experts are also considering using pens made from plastic, wood, or fiber. But, some still prefer using vellum calligraphy paper because it will not wear out easily and provide better support. Although calligraphy on vellum is very expensive, it is still a good option for those who want to create a big impact on others.Choose a calligraphy writing paper that has smooth and sharp corners. Avoid the dull ones, which will only slow down the speed of your writing. A common mistake people make is cutting the corners while writing on the paper, which can make the page look unprofessional.Choose a paper that is textured as well as smooth to help you produce a nice textured impression on the paper. The calligraphy may be done with even the most basic paper. But, it is important to choose a paper that is good enough to show how good you are. Thus, choose a paper that has good ink absorption and best textured surface.In conclusion, look for the paper that is not too thick, yet not too thin either. This will give you a smooth and sharp writing surface.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Vital Management - Essay Example The expectation of this examination is the Gulf Agency Company as an overall driving provider of conveyance, coordinations marine, and arrangements undertakings on the planet advertise. Since the organization began its tasks, it has extended its district inclusion to numerous overall clients through the arrangement of important and quality items and administrations. It is a world number one supplier of noteworthy transportation and marine enterprises in every land district. The GAC gives the guarantees detailed on the statement of purpose of the organization through the arrangement of the administrations that join mastery and experience inside the delivery, coordinations and the organization arrangement and marine fields. Extraordinary adaptability about the organization approach strategies used to key arranging and the ideas of mission, targets, and objectives give important data that gives the general usage rules about significant components of key activity arranging. The vital of the GAC Company will dissect the objectives utilizing three distinct levels: 1. Strategic is the most significant level of the association, liable for distinguishing the organization objectives and working key arranging. In this level, we will focus on long haul objectives. 2. Tactical or center level is the center level is liable for connecting the vital and operational levels, characterizing strategic objectives, and performing strategic anticipating the chose objectives. 3. Operational or low level is the premise of the arranging and is related to the genuine achievement of assignments. In this level, operational arranging characterizes the objectives of the organization. Figuring the Goals To achieve key arranging, the strategy utilized is the Balanced Score Card (BSC) that portrays procedures and deals with its execution, connecting objectives, activity, and pointers. The BSC suggest an investigation of objectives dependent on the exhibition markers utilizing the four points of view: Financial Customer Internal Business process Learning and Growth To accomplish a built up vital arranging we need to execute the methodologies at a lower level of the organization. This requires the partitioning vital arranging into strategic arranging that comprehend and the center level. In the GAC Company, the strategic objectives will relate to issues like transportation, promoting, and preparing of the staff individuals. The strategic objectives identifying with delivery show that the organization needs to improve its transportation procedure and items in the market. Consequently, in examining of the GAC objectives, we will concentrate on strategic objectives ident ified with delivery as the organization improvement objectives. The activities permit the execution on the operational level that is operational procedures and items. In the key arranging, the organization needs to characterize the organization objectives, the expense, and timetable and quality necessities of the organization. Moreover, it is fundamental to arrange for how to screen and control the characterized objectives. In the GAC Company, the control of the objectives relies upon the transportation measures; therefore, the organization needs to arrange for how to gauge their delivery procedures and items. Characterizing and observing deliberately adjusted the GAC improvement objectives. Figure 1: Adapted from Babar, Product-Focused Software Process Improvement Depending on the characterized pointers, it very well may be

Schizophrenia - Causes and Symptoms - 828 Words

Schizophrenia – Causes and Symptoms Schizophrenia, from a Greek origin meaning, â€Å"splitting of the mind,† is a chronic psychiatric disorder that makes it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is deceptive. This illness alters a person’s ability to think or act, identify reality, portray emotions, and relate to others. Attitudes and behaviors that coincide with this infirmity are contradictory, and the persons who obtain this sickness must learn to live with the conflicting lifestyle. Schizophrenia is a severe illness that possesses numerous theories of causation and eccentric symptoms. Although there are countless theories for the causes of schizophrenia, the ultimate answer is still a mystery. One common theory is that each symptom stems from the incapability to differentiate between reality and an internal thought process. Such incapability may be caused by autoimmunity to specific proteins on brain cells or unlike brain chemicals that have attained early medical trials (Wilson n.pag.). In Kate Kelland’s article, Study Links Schizophrenia Symptoms To Faulty â€Å"Switch† In Brain, she writes, â€Å"In a study published in the journal Neuron (sic), researches found the severity of symptoms such as hearing voices and delusions was due to a disconnection between two key regions of the brain – the insula and the lateral frontal cortex† (n.pag.). While anatomy and physiology of the brain play an important role in the causes of schizophrenia, many environmental factorsShow MoreRelatedSymptoms, Causes, And Treatments Of Schizophrenia1702 Words   |  7 PagesSymptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Schizophrenia Cassidy Echalico Florida State College at Jacksonville Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a stigmatized disease that labels victims as crazy. One percent of people develop schizophrenia in their lifetime; more than two million Americans suffer from schizophrenia in a given year (Spearing, 1999). Although schizophrenia affects men and women equally, it often appears earlier in men than in women; Men are generally affectedRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Symptoms, Causes, Treatments954 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is a turbulent mental illness that many people throughout America are suffering from. The word schizophrenia comes from th One percent of America’s population is diagnosed with Schizophrenia each year. This mental disorder is more common in late teenagers and young adults ranging from the ages of 20 to 30. It is proven that this illness occurs in more young men than women. People who suffer from schizophrenia usually cannot have normal lives due to the disabling symptoms. ThisRead MoreSchizophrenia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Essay1851 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness. Patients experience progressive personality changes and a breakdown in their relationships with the outside world. They have disorganized and abnormal thinking, behavior and language and become emotionally unresponsive or withdrawn. â€Å"The first signs, usually only noticed in looking back on events, are likely to include an unexpected withdrawal of the degree or type of contact that the person used to have with family or school. The personRead MoreThe Dopamine And Glutamate Hypothesis And Other Influencing1209 Words   |  5 Pagesand other Influencing Factors in the cause of Schizophrenia Michele P. Bryant Antelope Valley College Abstract Schizophrenia is a Psychological disorder that impacts the person s ability to process thoughts, emotions and action. Schizophrenia symptoms are categorized as cognitive, positive and negative symptoms. There has yet to be a confirmed singular cause of schizophrenia. The dopamine hypothesis is a theory that attributes the cause of schizophrenia to an increase in dopamine levels. TheRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1176 Words   |  5 Pages Symptoms The symptoms of schizophrenia are wide and varied, typically falling into three main categories, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms. Each of these symptom types affect the patient in different ways, and in different degrees of severity. The symptoms may range from mildly irritating, to severe and debilitating. Positive symptoms are behaviors not normally seen in healthy people. Negative symptoms are behaviors that are usually exhibited in healthy people but areRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causes of schizophrenia, what are some of the types of schizophrenia, and what are the treatment options for those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder and is chronic and severe to those thatRead MoreMental Illness And Substance Abuse1133 Words   |  5 Pagesface many problems. Particularly schizophrenia is characterized by delusional thoughts, seeing and hearing things that others don’t see or hear, loss of emotional expression and problems with cognitive skills and motivation (Elements, 2014). In some cases schizophrenia can cause the onset of substance abuse, in other cases substance abuse can mimic symptoms of schizophrenia. Medications such as antipsychotics can assist individuals with the symptoms of schizophrenia as long as they are properly diagnosedRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Unique Mental Disorder?1335 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Reference Series, schizophrenia affects 1.1% of the US population and the majority of those who suffer with schizophrenia go untreated or are unaware that they even have the disorder. Approximately 2,200,000 people in the United States suffer fro m schizophrenia, and they have a lifespan 20% shorter than those who do not have schizophrenia (Fentress, Moller 1). Schizophrenia is a unique mental disorder that is made up of distinctive characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms, and requires specificRead MoreSchizophrenia Is More Than Just Hearing Voices1030 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Schizophrenia During your lifetime, chances are you’ve probably met someone who has been affected by schizophrenia in some way and you might not have even known. So what is Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a group of severe disorders involving major disturbances in perception, language, thought, emotion, and behavior. People with schizophrenia are able to control the disorder with medications and therapy and can even lead normal lives. Schizophrenia is not something everyone understandsRead MoreWhat is Schizophrenia?985 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is the worst of all mental health disorders because it is many severe disorders all put into one such as mood disorders and psychological disorders. It is a mental health disorder that affects a persons’ reality. When the word Schizophrenia is broken into two, schizo means â€Å"Split† and phrenia means â€Å"mind† (DeWall Myers, 2014, p.562). According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), about 1% of Americans have schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has many different components such

Definition and Examples of Language-Style Matching

In conversation, texting, emailing, and other forms of interactive communication, the tendency of participants to use a common vocabulary and similar sentence structures. The term linguistic style matching (also called language style matching or simply style matching) was introduced by Kate G. Niederhoffer and James W. Pennebaker in their article Linguistic Style Matching in Social Interaction (Language and Social Psychology, 2002). In a later article, Sharing Ones Story, Niederhoffer and Pennebaker note that people are inclined to match conversation partners in linguistic style, regardless of their intentions and reactions (The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 2011). Examples and Observations Robin: To an outsider listening to their conversation, very healthy families are less easy to understand than average ones. John: Less? Because? Robin: Their conversation is quicker, more complicated. They interrupt and finish each others sentences. There are big jumps from one idea to another idea as though bits of the argument are missed out. John: But its only outsiders that find it confusing? Robin: Exactly. The conversation isnt as tidy and logical and carefully structured as it can be with somewhat less healthy families, nearer the middle of the range. Ideas are coming so thick and fast that they keep interrupting and capping each others statements. They can do that because everyone grasps what other people are trying to say before theyve finished saying it. John: Because they understand each other so well. Robin: Right. So what looks like lack of control is actually a sign of their unusually good communication.(Robin Skynner and John Cleese, Life and How to Survive It. W.W. Norton, 1995) Linguistic Style Matching in Relationships Attraction is not all about good looks; a pleasant conversation is important too. To test the idea, [Eli] Finkel, [Paul] Eastwick, and their colleagues [at Northwestern University] looked at language-style matching, or how much individuals matched their conversation to that of their partner orally or in writing, and how it related to attraction. This verbal coordination is something we unconsciously do, at least a little bit, with anyone we speak to, but the researchers wondered if a high level of synchrony might offer clues about what types of people individuals would want to see again.In an initial study the researchers analyzed forty speed dates for language use. They found that the more similar the two daters language was, the more likely it was that they would want to meet up again. So far, so good. But might that language-style matching also help predict whether a date or two will progress to a committed relationship? To find out, the researchers analyzed instant messages from committed couples who chatted daily, and compared the level of language-style matching with relationship stability measures gathered using a standardized questionnaire. Three months later the researchers checked back to see if those couples were still together and had them fill out another questionnaire.The group found that language-style matching was also predictive of relationship stability. People in relationships with high levels of language-style matching were almost twice as likely to still be together when the researchers followed up with them three months later. Apparently conversation, or at least the ability to sync up and get on the same page, mattered. (Kayt Sukel, Dirty Minds: How Our Brains Influence Love, Sex, and Relationships. Free Press, 2012) Patterns of Linguistic Style Matching [P]eople also converge in the ways they talk--they tend to adopt the same levels of formality, emotionality, and cognitive complexity. In other words, people tend to use the same groups of function words at similar rates. Further, the more the two people are engaged with one another, the more closely their function words match.The matching of function words is called language style matching, or LSM. Analyses of conversations find that LSM occurs within the first fifteen to thirty seconds of any interaction and is generally beyond conscious awareness. . . .Style matching waxes and wanes over the course of a conversation. In most conversations, style matching usually starts out quite high and then gradually drops as the people continue to talk. The reason for this pattern is that at the beginning of the conversation its important to connect with the other person. . . . As the conversation rolls on, the speakers begin to get more comfortable and their attention starts to wander. There a re times, however, that style matching will immediately increase. (James W. Pennnebaker, The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About Us. Bloomsbury Press, 2011) Linguistic Style Matching in Hostage Negotiations Taylor and Thomas (2008) reviewed 18 categories of linguistic style in four successful and five unsuccessful negotiations. They found that at the conversational level successful negotiations involved more coordination of linguistic styles between the hostage taker and negotiator, including problem-solving style, interpersonal thoughts, and expressions of emotion. When negotiators communicated in short, positive bursts and used low sentence complexity and concrete thinking, hostage takers would often match this style. . . . Overall, the driving factor that determined linguistic style-matching behavior depended on the dominant party in the negotiation: Successful cases were marked by the negotiator taking the dominant role, implementing a positive dialogue, and dictating the hostage takers response.(Russell E. Palarea, Michel G. Gelles, and Kirk L. Rowe, Crisis and Hostage Negotiation. Military Psychology: Clinical and Operational Applications, 2nd ed., ed. by Carrie Kennedy and Eric A . Zillmer. Guilford Press, 2012) Historical Style Matching Recently the style matching among historical figures has been examined using archival records. One case involves the poetry of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning, a 19th century English couple who met and eventually married in the middle of their writing careers. By tracking their poetry, a sense of their oscillations in their relationship emerged.(James W. Pennnebaker, Frederica Facchin, and Davide Margola, What Our Words Say About Us: The Effects of Writing and Language. Close Relationships and Community Psychology: An International Perspective, ed. by Vittorio Cigoli and Marialuisa Gennari. FrancoAngeli, 2010) Linguistic Style Matching in Fiction People dont talk the same way unless they are joined together in some common purpose, have common lives, goals, desires. The great mistake of so many prose writers in their transcription of speech is to record its syntactical eccentricities and habits carelessly; e.g., theyll have an uneducated laborer speak the same way as an uneducated thug. Or, a cop will speak the same way as those he bullies and arrests. The mark of brilliance and honesty in speech transcription resides in the differentiation of language patterns.(Gilbert Sorrentino, Hubert Selby. Something Said: Essays by Gilbert Sorrentino. North Point, 1984)

The World War II Relief, Recovery, and Reform - 1201 Words

The World War II, also called The Second World War, began when the Germans invaded Poland in 1939, and when the Germans and the Japanese finally surrendered in 1945, the War ended. The United States entered the war after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7th, 1941. During World War II, the world was divided into two major forces: Axis and Allies. The United States, Britain, The Soviet Union and the French resistance were the Allies, while Germany, Italy, and Japan were the main powers that formed the Axis. Throughout this time, the United States was giving all kinds of support to the Allies, such as armies, weapons, money and other things. The economic development in the United States had become much stronger and more†¦show more content†¦Second, Recovery was designed to gain what America has lost through the Great Depression by publishing the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), Home Owners Loan Corporation, Works Progress Administration (WPA), and T ennessee Valley Authority (TVA). NIRA was enacted in 1933, its purpose was to regulate industry and raise prices to recover from previous economic issues. It also created the National Recovery Administration, to eliminate competitions between industries by getting them together and write codes of fair competition. However, NIRA was considered a failure because the US Supreme Court declared that NIRA was unconstitutional in 1935. In that same year, President Roosevelt established Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC), a association that give the government rights to help the real estates that were influenced by the Great Depression. Because of the Corporation, millions of homeowners were able to keep their houses by the large amount of mortgage loans that the government has given them. It was a great plan for both the government and homeowners for neither of them would lose anything. Among all the plans Roosevelt has made, there were this one that became the legacy during his presidenc y: Works Progress Administration (WPA). It employed more than eight million people to work. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe New Deal : A Success At Tackling The American Economic And Social Problems During The 1930 S1226 Words   |  5 PagesRoosevelt. Within Roosevelt’s first Hundred Days, he established a plan that would bring America out of crisis. This program was called, The New Deal, and had three goals: relief, recovery, and reform. This goals, the 3 R’s were short-ran goals for relief and immediate recovery, as well as, long-term goals for permanent recovery and reform. Ultimately, the main goal of the New Deal was to bring America out of the Great Depression and prevent something like this from happening again. The question is, wasRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Roaring Twenties1475 Words   |  6 Pagesseries of government programs and laws intended to fix the economic issues plaguing America. This plan consisted of what is known as the three ‘R’s, that is relief, recovery and reform. Relief was the effort to help one-third of the people out of world in the country. Recovery was the effort to restore business and the economy as a whole. Lastly, reform was the effort to let government intervene in order to stabilize the economy. The programs of the New Deal, which started in 1932, were intended to protectRead More The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesDeal describes the program of US president Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1939 of relief, recovery, and reform. These new policies aimed to solve the economic problems created by the depression of the 1930s. When Roosevelt was nominated, he said, I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people. The New Deal included federal action of unprecedented scope to stimulate industrial recovery, assist victims of the Depression, guarantee minimum living standards, and preventRead More Franklin D. Roosevelt: An Influential Leader Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesmoments during crisis like the Great Depression and World War II. He became one of the most beloved of U.S. presidents for four terms in office. But beneath his outward friendliness was an inner reserve and an iron will. His admirers emphasized the way in which he met the nations problems. They praised him for insisting that the federal government must help the underprivileged and that the United States must share in the responsibility for preserving world peace. Franklin Roosevelt made a profound andRead MoreEssay on Franklin D. Roosevelt: an Influential Leader1333 Words   |  6 Pagesmoments during crisis like the Great Depression and World War II. He became one of the most beloved of U.S. presidents for four terms in office. But beneath his outward friendliness was an inner reserve and an iron will. His admirers emphasized the way in which he met the nations problems. They praised him f or insisting that the federal government must help the underprivileged and that the United States must share in the responsibility for preserving world peace. Franklin Roosevelt made a profound andRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And The New Deal1116 Words   |  5 PagesRoosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921. He became the 32nd US president in 1933, and was the only president to be elected four times. Roosevelt led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. Roosevelt died in Georgia in 1945. President Roosevelt’s parents made a living both on real estate and trade. Roosevelt was schooled by tutors until age 14 because they didn’tRead MoreEconomics...In Real Life1567 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted to drop, and by November 13 the country had lost enough money to finance the first World War or to pay off the national debt twice, resulting in 25% of the work force being unemployed in a matter of months. At this time President Herbert Hoover was promoting the idea that the economy was only experiencing the recessionary part of the cyclical business cycle and therefore refused to offer any kind of relief to unemployed families, insisting that the economy would self-correct soon enough due toRead MoreHitler s Influence On The World946 Words   |  4 PagesThe world would be different today if not for one very important leader of Germany. â€Å"[Hitler] had more impact on the history of the world in the 20th century than any other political figure.† (Noakes, 1) Considered one of the cruelest men of the 1900’s, Adolf Hitler was also one of the greatest leaders. As a young boy, Hitler was always interested in war and when he was old enough, he went to serve his country in World War I. While in recovery after being wounded, Hitler heard that Germany surrenderedRead MoreThe Legacy Of The New Deal1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdesperately looked for a sign of hope. The ultimate end to the Great Depression was undoubtedly World War II. However, it was FDR’s New Deal that shed the light of hope on America’s citizens. The programs of the New Deal transformed the role of the government by the implication of numerous laws in order to stop the economy from getting any worse. The New Deal came with three new main themes: relief, recovery and reform. Roosevelt himself acknowledges the importance of them in his Address in 1934, â€Å"In theRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt And The Great Depression1458 Words   |  6 Pagespresident, Roo sevelt served four terms and pushed America towards the future. Franklin D. Roosevelt was prominent during America’s periods of turmoil. During the Great Depression he was well known for his organizations of relief, recovery, and reform; and at the time of World War II, he used his leadership to gain victory for the Allied forces. Roosevelt left many legacies behind that did not begin during his presidency, but when he was born. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York on January 30

Clinical Infectious Diseases for Microbiology

Question: Describe about the Clinical Infectious Diseases for Microbiology? Answer: In the case scenario, the women had a splenectomy after having an injury in the abdomen. During the surgery, there is a high risk of sepsis by the encapsulated organism including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, sufficient vaccination is needed for reducing the change of infection and sepsis. However, the women did not get the vaccination. a) From the symptoms and diagnosis of the patient's scar, it has been identified that the organisms causing infection are Streptococcus pneumoniae. The symptoms of pneumoniae infection include fever, cough, discomfort, chill, pain and irritation (Morgan Tomich, 2012). All of these were present in the patient and the organism was detected from the scar besides the surgical area. b) Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) is the infection following spleen removal or spleenectomy. It leads to fatal consequences. This is why the major risk factor following the spleen removal is the vaccination against common human pathogen including pneumoniae (Morgan Tomich, 2012). The spleen contains macrophages that can destroy the bacteria bound to the IgG antibodies or C3b complement component, thereby facilitating phagocytosis by these macrophages and removal of these pathogenic bacteria (Chiou, 2011). After removal of the spleen, these bacteria cannot be removed from blood circulation and they are free to cause infection. Thus, the vaccination is necessary before surgery. c) The patient has been treated with penicillin but the drug has been failed to treat the patient. This might occur due to any of two reasons. The drug dosage might be inadequate for the patient's severity. The other reason might be the emergence of the penicillin-resistant organism. It is common and known as the cross-resistance' of the organism, through which the organism achieves an altered penicillin-binding protein, thereby making penicillin unable to bind the beta-lactum ring of the organism (Chiou, 2011). Reference List Chiou, C. C. (2011). Does penicillin remain the drug of choice for pneumococcal pneumonia in view of emerging in vitro resistance?.Clinical Infectious Diseases,42(2), 234-237. Morgan, T. L., Tomich, E. B. (2012). Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI): a case report and review of the literature.The Journal of emergency medicine,43(4), 758-763.